Jatropha spicata

Origin

Jatropha spicata is primarily native to East Africa, with its distribution centered in Kenya and Tanzania. It is also found in parts of Ethiopia and Somalia. The species name "spicata" refers to its distinct "spike-like" inflorescence, which sets it apart from more common members of the Jatropha genus.

Habitat

In the wild, it thrives in semi-arid bushlands and deciduous woodlands, typically at elevations ranging from sea level up to 1,200 meters. It is commonly found growing in red sandy soils, rocky loams, or limestone-rich substrates. The habitat is characterized by long dry spells and intense sunlight, which has forced the plant to evolve water-storage capabilities in its swollen base.

Description

Jatropha spicata is an architectural succulent shrub valued for its dramatic, swollen stem and intricate foliage.

• Caudex & Stem: It features a prominent, fleshy caudex or thickened trunk base that acts as a water reservoir. The bark is often grayish-green or yellowish and may peel slightly with age. It can grow into a small shrub reaching 0.5 to 1.5 meters in height.

• Foliage: The leaves are deeply lobed (usually 3 to 5 lobes), bright green, and somewhat variable in shape. They are often clustered at the tips of the branches and are deciduous, falling off during the dormant dry season to conserve moisture.

• Flowers: Its most defining feature is the spike-like inflorescence (spicate cyme). It produces small, greenish-yellow or pale pink flowers tightly packed along a central stalk.

• Fruits: Following pollination, it produces small, capsule-like fruits typical of the Euphorbiaceae family, which explode when ripe to disperse seeds.

• Cultivation: This species prefers a well-draining mineral mix and requires a distinct dry dormancy period in winter. It loves full sun to partial shade; more light usually results in a more compact, aesthetically pleasing caudex.

Size Specification: Caudex 3–4 cm (Standard nursery size for young established specimens).

Handling Note: Like other Jatropha species, the sap and seeds contain toxins (such as curcin). Always handle with care and wash hands after pruning or repotting.