{"product_id":"copiapoa-calderana","title":"Copiapoa calderana","description":"\u003ch2\u003eScientific Name: \u003ci\u003eCopiapoa calderana\u003c\/i\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeographic \u0026amp; Climate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeographic Coordinates:\u003c\/b\u003e 26°30'S to 27°10'S, 70°30'W to 70°50'W\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClimate Classification:\u003c\/b\u003e Desert climate with oceanic influence (Köppen: BWk \/ BWh)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHabitat Characteristics:\u003c\/b\u003e Elevation range from near sea level to 300 meters. Extremely arid coastal desert subject to heavy sea fogs (camanchaca) which serve as the primary moisture source. Substrates consist of granite-derived coarse sandy soils, rocky slopes, and quartz gravel flats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBotanical Morphology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiagnostic Features:\u003c\/b\u003e Stem globular to short cylindrical, clustering with age to form large mounds up to 1 meter in diameter, epidermis covered with a distinctive whitish-grey waxy cuticle. Ribs number 10 to 17, straight and deeply notched. Areoles large, circular to elliptic, yellowish-brown turning grey with age. Spines strong, straight to slightly curved; central spines 1 to 4, dark brown to black (aging grey); radial spines 5 to 9, shorter and radiating outwards. Flowers funnel-form, pale yellow, up to 4 cm in diameter, emerging from the woolly apex.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGrowth Habit:\u003c\/b\u003e Extremely slow-growing perennial succulent. Summer-active grower with a winter dormancy period, though growth is heavily reliant on coastal humidity and occasional irregular rainfall events. Mature stems reach 8 to 15 cm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHistory \u0026amp; Etymology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEtymology:\u003c\/b\u003e The specific epithet \u003ci\u003ecalderana\u003c\/i\u003e refers to Caldera, the coastal port city in the Atacama Region of Chile, near where the species is natively distributed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHistorical Context:\u003c\/b\u003e Originally collected and described by botanical explorer Friedrich Ritter, who documented extensive populations along the hyper-arid coastal terraces of northern Chile during his exhaustive explorations of South American cacti in the mid-20th century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"BotanicalCollector","offers":[{"title":"No.551|W7.1cm|Own-rooted","offer_id":71140405051645,"sku":null,"price":120.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/3552\/4605\/files\/AgAAEX-2Xy9T9Zc7NAxEOJ_0hJhlekG.jpg?v=1786706443","url":"https:\/\/www.botanicalcollector.com\/products\/copiapoa-calderana","provider":"BotanicalCollector","version":"1.0","type":"link"}